胡文超,武汉大学化学与分子科学学院2018级本科生,致力于过渡金属二硫属化合物的可控制备和性质探索。曾获得武汉大学甲等奖学金等各类奖项。
本科期间,胡文超一直保持日常学习英语的良好习惯,在高中阶段高考英语取得141分,展现了不错的英语能力。
在文献写作和平时的英语写作中,英语语法的熟练掌握极为重要,这不仅可以避免一些低级的错误,更能大大提高写作水平,提高文章的丰富性可读性。而非谓语动词和从句在句子的写作中非常重要。
非谓语动词
非谓语动词,又叫非限定动词,谓语动词是指在句子中不是谓语的动词,主要包括不定式、动名词和分词(现在分词和过去分词),即动词的非谓语形式。非谓语动词除了不能独立作谓语外,可以承担句子的其他成分。
不定式
不定式:to+动词原型构成,不定式可作主语、宾语、状语、表语和定语,但不能单独作谓语。
做主语:To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard.
做宾语:want sb. to do sth.
做状语:To understand the kinetic process of atoms attached to and detached from a specific edge of a 2D material, let us discuss it by taking the graphene CVD growth on Pt surface as an example.
做定语:I have a meeting to attend.
做表语: To see is to believe.
动名词
动名词:动名词由动词 + ing构成;具有动词和名词的性质;在句中起名词作用,可作主语、宾语、表语和定语。
做主语: Obtaining high-quality samples of 2D material in large area and large scale is thus of critical importance for measuring their fundamental properties and realizing their applications in large scale.
做定语:Depending on the condition of growth, the growth behavior of 2D materials varies substantially.
分词
分词:分词分为现在分词和过去分词。现在分词有一般式和完成式.一般式表示和谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生的行为;完成式(having+过去分词)表示在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生的动作.过去分词表示在谓语动词之前发生的动作,或者有被动的意味。
例:But the qualities of products are mostly far from that required for broad applications.
从句
从句主要分为定语从句、名词性从句、状语从句。
在复合句中, 修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句,被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,引导定语从句的有关系代词who、whom、whose、which、that等和关系副词where、why、when等。
而关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中担任句子成份。判断写作是否正确将其带入即可。
可以把where看作on which。
非限定性定语从句起补充说明作用,缺少也不会影响全句的理解。在非限制性定语从句的前面往往有逗号隔开,如:
Besides, each atom on the edge of the 2D crystal has a probability of being detached to the environment, which is the supportive substrate for CVD growth.
名词性从句分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句。
宾语从句:宾语从句,是名词性从句的一种。在主从复合句中充当宾语,位于及物动词、介词或复合谓语之后的从句称为宾语从句。
例:If we simply assume that all the attachment or detachment events are equivalent, the overall growth rate of an arbitrary edge, which dominates the growth behavior of a 2D material, can be briefly written as:
主语从句,即在复合句中充当主语成分的句子。
例:It is interesting that(这里的it为形式主语)
表语从句就是用一个句子作为表语。说明主语是什么,由名词、形容词或相当于名词或形容词的词或短语充当表语的成分。个人感觉与主谓宾的宾语从句大同小异,不做赘述。
例:The fact is that
同位语从句,指的是在复合句中充当同位语的从句,属于名词性从句的范畴,同位语从句用来对其前面的抽象名词进行解释说明,被解释说明的词和同位语在逻辑上是主表关系。
例:Although Equation can be applied to discuss most of the crystal growth process, the primary assumption that the attachment/detachment of all precursor atom to from the edge is equivalent is not always applicable.
关联词整理
最后,给大家带来了一些关联词的整理:
表示转折:but However while nevertheless nonetheless
表示因果:because (of) since owing to thanks to
表示承接:furthermore moreover besides in addition additionally
表示推断:therefore thus so as a result consequently
表示对比:by contrast on the contrary to compare with
Compared with In comparison with
表示结论:To sum up To conclude All in all In conclusion
In a nutshell In brief
表示举例:For example such as For instance namely